CHAPTER V

STANDARDS REGARDING SPECIAL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL ON CERTAIN OF SHIPS

General Introduction & Resolution
PART A: TOC | Intro | Ch 1 | Ch 2 | Ch 3 | Ch 4 | Ch 5 | Ch 6 | Ch 7 | Ch 8
PART B: TOC | Intro | Ch 1 | Ch 2 | Ch 3 | Ch 4 | Ch 5 | Ch 6 | Ch 7 | Ch 8

Section A-V/1    (back to top)

Mandatory minimum requirements for the training and qualifications of masters, officers and ratings on tankers

Tanker familiarization course*

1 The tanker familiarization course referred to in paragraph 1.2 of regulation V/1 shall cover at least the syllabus given in paragraphs 2 to 7 below.

Characteristics of cargoes

2 An outline treatment including practical demonstration of the physical properties of oil, chemicals and gases carried in bulk; vapour pressure/temperature relationship; influence of pressure on boiling temperature; explanation of saturated vapour pressure, diffusion, partial pressure, flammability limits, flashpoint and auto-ignition temperature; practical significance of flashpoint and lower flammable limit; simple explanation of types of electrostatic charge generation; chemical symbols and structures; elements of the chemistry of acids and bases and chemical reactions of well-known groupings sufficient to enable proper utilization of codes.

Toxicity

3 Simple explanation of principles and basic concepts; toxicity limits, both acute and chronic effects of toxicity, systemic poisons and irritants.

Hazards

4 An explanation of hazards including:

.1 explosion and flammability hazards, flammability limits and sources of ignition and explosion;

.2 health hazards including the dangers of skin contact, inhalation and ingestion; oxygen deficiency with particular reference to inert gas systems; harmful properties of cargo carried; accidents to personnel and associated first aid do's and don'ts;

.3 hazards to the environment, covering: the effect on human and marine life from the release of oil, chemicals or gases; effect of specific gravity and solubility; danger from vapour cloud drift; effect of vapour pressure and atmospheric conditions;

.4 reactivity hazards; self-reaction; polymerization; effects of temperature; impurities as catalysts; reaction with air, water and other chemicals; and

.5 corrosion hazards, covering: the dangers to personnel; attacks on constructional materials; effects of concentration and evolution of hydrogen.

Hazard control

5 Inerting, water padding, drying agents and monitoring techniques; anti-static measures; ventilation; segregation; cargo inhibition and the importance of compatibility of materials.

Safety equipment and protection of personnel

6 The function and calibration of measuring instruments and similar equipment; specialized fire-extinguishing appliances; breathing apparatus and tanker evacuating equipment; safe use of protective clothing and equipment; use of resuscitators and other rescue and escape equipment.

Pollution prevention

7 Procedures to be followed to prevent air and water pollution and measures to be taken in the event of spillage, including the need to:

.1 immediately report all relevant information to the appropriate officials when a spill is detected or when a malfunction has occurred which poses a risk of a spill;

.2 promptly notify shore-based response personnel; and

.3 properly implement shipboard spill containment procedures.

Oil Tanker Training Programme

8 The specialized training programme referred to in paragraph 2.2 of regulation V/1 appropriate to duties on oil tankers shall provide theoretical and practical knowledge of the subjects specified in paragraphs 9 to 14 below*.

Regulations and codes of practice

9 Familiarization with the appropriate provisions of relevant international conventions; relevant international and national codes; the IMO Manual on Oil Pollution; relevant tanker safety guides* and relevant port regulations as commonly applied.

Design and equipment of oil tankers

10 Familiarization with piping, pumping, tank and deck arrangements; types of cargo pumps and their application to various types of cargo; tank cleaning, gas-freeing and inerting systems; cargo tank venting and accommodation ventilation; gauging systems and alarms; cargo heating systems; and the safety aspects of electrical systems.

Cargo characteristics

11 Knowledge of the chemical and physical properties of different oil cargoes.

Ship operations

12 Cargo calculations; loading and discharging plans; loading and discharge procedures including ship-to-ship transfers; checklists; use of monitoring equipment; importance of proper supervision of personnel; gas-freeing operations and tank cleaning operations; where appropriate, crude oil washing procedures and the operation and maintenance of inert gas systems; control of entry into pump-rooms and enclosed spaces; use of gas detecting and safety equipment; load-on-top and proper ballasting and de-ballasting procedures; air and water pollution prevention.

Repair and maintenance

13 Precautions to be taken before and during repair and maintenance work, including that affecting pumping, piping, electrical and control systems; safety factors necessary in the performance of hot work; control of hot work and proper hot work procedures.

Emergency operations

14 The importance of developing ship emergency plans; cargo operations emergency shutdown; action in the event of failure of services essential to cargo; fire-fighting on oil tankers; action following collision, stranding or spillage; medical first aid procedures and the use of resuscitation equipment; use of breathing apparatus for safe entry into and rescue from enclosed spaces.

Chemical Tanker Training Programme

15 The specialized training programme referred to in paragraph 2.2 of regulation V/1 appropriate to duties on chemical tankers shall provide theoretical and practical knowledge of the subjects specified in paragraphs 16 to 21 below.*

Regulations and codes of practice

16 Familiarization with relevant international conventions, and relevant IMO and national codes and with relevant tanker safety guides** and relevant port regulations as commonly applied.

Design and equipment of chemical tankers

17 A brief description of specialized piping, pumping and tank arrangements, overflow control; types of cargo pumps and their application to various types of cargo; tank cleaning and gas-freeing systems; cargo tank venting; vapour return systems; accommodation ventilation, airlocks; gauging systems and alarms; tank temperature control systems and alarms; the safety factors of electrical systems.

Cargo characteristics

18 Sufficient knowledge of liquid chemical cargo characteristics to allow proper use of relevant cargo safety guides**.

Ship operations

19 Cargo calculations; loading and discharging plans; loading and discharge procedures; vapour return systems; checklists; use of monitoring equipment; gas-freeing operations and tank cleaning operations including proper use of absorption and wetting agents and detergents; use and maintenance of inert atmospheres; control of entry into pump-rooms and enclosed spaces; use of detecting and safety equipment; disposal of waste and washings.

Repair and maintenance

20 Precautions to be taken before the repair and maintenance of pumping, piping, electrical and control systems.

Emergency operations

21 The importance of developing ship emergency plans; cargo operations emergency shutdown; action in the event of failure of services essential to cargo; fire-fighting on chemical tankers; action following collision, stranding or spillage; medical first aid procedures and the use of resuscitation and decontamination equipment; use of breathing apparatus and escape equipment; safe entry into and rescue from enclosed spaces.

Liquefied Gas Tanker Training Programme

22 The specialized training programme referred to in paragraph 2.2 of regulation V/1 appropriate to the duties on liquefied gas tankers shall provide theoretical and practical knowledge of the subjects specified in paragraphs 23 to 34 below.*

Regulations and codes of practice

23 Familiarization with relevant international conventions and relevant IMO, national and industry codes.**

24 Familiarization with the ship design and equipment of liquefied gas tankers; types of liquefied gas tankers; cargo containment systems (construction, surveys); cargo-handling equipment (pumps, piping systems); cargo conditioning systems (warm-up, cool-down); tank atmosphere control systems (inert gas, nitrogen); instrumentation of cargo containment and handling systems; fire-fighting system and safety and rescue equipment.

Fire-fighting

25 Advanced practical fire-fighting techniques and tactics applicable to gas tankers, including the use of water-spray systems.

Chemistry and physics

26 An introduction to basic chemistry and physics as it relates to the safe carriage of liquefied gases in bulk in ships covering:

.1 the properties and characteristics of liquefied gases and their vapours, including the definition of gas; simple gas laws; the gas equation; density of gases; diffusion and mixing of gases; compression of gases; liquefaction of gases; refrigeration of gases; critical temperature; the practical significance of flashpoint; upper and lower explosive limits; auto-ignition temperature; compatibility of gases; reactivity; polymerization and inhibitors.

.2 the properties of single liquids including densities of liquids and vapours; variation with temperature; vapour pressure and temperature; enthalpy; vaporization and boiling liquids; and

.3 the nature and properties of solutions including the solubility of gases in liquids; miscibility between liquids and effects of temperature change; densities of solutions and dependence on temperature and concentration; effects of dissolved substances on melting and boiling points; hydrates, their formation and dispersion; hygroscopicity; drying of air and other gases; dew point and low temperature effects.

Health hazards

27 Familiarization with health hazards relevant to the carriage of liquefied gas covering:

.1 toxicity including the modes by which liquefied gases and their vapours may be toxic; the toxic properties of inhibitors and of products of combustion of both materials of construction and of liquefied gases carried; acute and chronic effects of toxicity, systemic poisons and irritants; and the Threshold Limiting Value (TLV);

.2 hazards of skin contact, inhalation and ingestion; and

.3 medical first aid and administering of antidotes.

Cargo containment

28 Principles of containment systems; rules; surveys; tank construction, materials, coatings, insulation and compatibility.

Pollution

29 Hazards to human life and to the marine environment; the effect of specific gravity and solubility; danger from vapour cloud drift and the jettisoning of cryogenic liquids.

Cargo handling systems

30 A description of the main types of pumps and pumping arrangements and vapour return systems, piping systems and valves; an explanation of pressure, vacuum, suction, flow, head; filters and strainers; expansion devices; flame screens; commonly used inert gases; storage, generation and distribution systems; temperature and pressure monitoring systems; cargo vent systems; liquid re-circulation and re-liquefaction systems; cargo gauging, instrumentation systems and alarms; gas detection and monitoring systems; CO2 monitoring systems; cargo boil-off systems and auxiliary systems.

Ship operating procedures

31 Loading and discharging preparations and procedures; check lists; cargo condition maintenance on passage and in harbour; segregation of cargoes and procedures for cargo transfer; changing cargoes, tank cleaning procedures; cargo sampling; ballasting and de-ballasting; warm up and gas-freeing procedures; and procedures for cool-down of a gas-free system from ambient temperature and the safety precautions involved.

Safety practices and equipment

32 The function, calibration and use of portable measuring instruments; fire-fighting equipment and procedures; breathing apparatus; resuscitators; escape sets; rescue equipment; protective clothing and equipment; entry into enclosed spaces; precautions to be observed before and during repair and maintenance of cargo and control systems; supervision of personnel during potentially hazardous operations; types and principles of certified safe electrical equipment and sources of ignition.

Emergency procedures

33 The importance of developing ship emergency plans; emergency shutdown of cargo operations; emergency cargo valve closing systems; action to be taken in the event of failure of systems or services essential to cargo; and action to be taken following collision or stranding, spillage and envelopment of the ship in toxic or flammable vapour.

General principles of cargo operations

34 Inerting cargo tank and void spaces; tank cool down and loading; operations during loaded and ballasted voyages; discharging and tank stripping and emergency procedures, including pre-planned action in the event of leaks, fire, collision, stranding, emergency cargo discharge and personnel casualty.

Section A-V/2    (back to top)

Mandatory minimum requirements for the training and qualifications of masters, officers, ratings and other personnel on ro-ro passenger ships

Crowd management training

1 The crowd management training required by regulation V/2, paragraph 4 for personnel designated on muster lists to assist passengers in emergency situations shall include, but not necessarily be limited to:

.1 awareness of life-saving appliance and control plans including:

.1.1 knowledge of muster lists and emergency instructions,

.1.2 knowledge of the emergency exits, and

.1.3 restrictions on the use of elevators;

.2 the ability to assist passengers en route to muster and embarkation stations including:

.2.1 the ability to give clear reassuring orders,

.2.2 the control of passengers in corridors, staircases and passage ways,

.2.3 maintaining escape routes clear of obstructions,

.2.4 methods available for evacuation of disabled persons and persons needing special assistance, and

.2.5 search of accommodation spaces;

.3 mustering procedures including:

.3.1 the importance of keeping order,

.3.2 the ability to use procedures for reducing and avoiding panic,

.3.3 the ability to use, where appropriate, passenger lists for evacuation counts, and

.3.4 the ability to ensure that the passengers are suitably clothed and have donned their lifejackets correctly.

Familiarization training

2 The familiarization training required by regulation V/2, paragraph 5 shall at least ensure attainment of the abilities that are appropriate to the capacity to be filled and the duties and responsibilities to be taken up, as follows:

Design and operational limitations

.1 Ability to properly understand and observe any operational limitations imposed on the ship, and to understand and apply performance restrictions, including speed limitations in adverse weather, which are intended to maintain the safety of life, ship and cargo.

.2 Ability to apply properly the procedures established for the ship regarding the opening, closing and securing of bow, stern, and side doors and ramps and to correctly operate the related systems.

Legislation, codes and agreements affecting ro-ro passenger ships

.3 Ability to understand and apply international and national requirements for ro-ro passenger ships relevant to the ship concerned and the duties to be performed.

Stability and stress requirements and limitations

.4 Ability to take proper account of stress limitations for sensitive parts of the ship such as bow doors and other closing devices that maintain watertight integrity and of special stability considerations which may affect the safety of ro-ro passenger ships.

Procedures for the maintenance of special equipment on ro-ro passenger ships

.5 Ability to apply properly the shipboard procedures for maintenance of equipment peculiar to ro-ro passenger ships such as, bow, stern and side doors and ramps, scuppers and associated systems.

Loading and cargo securing manuals and calculators

.6 Ability to make proper use of the loading and securing manuals in respect of all types of vehicles and rail cars where applicable, and to calculate and apply stress limitations for vehicle decks.

Dangerous cargo areas

.7 Ability to ensure proper observance of special precautions and limitations applying to designated dangerous cargo areas.

Emergency procedures

.8 Ability to ensure proper application of any special procedures to:

.8.1 prevent or reduce the ingress of water on vehicle decks,

.8.2 remove water from vehicle decks, and

.8.3 minimize effects of water on vehicle decks.

Safety training for personnel providing direct service to passengers in passenger spaces

3 The additional safety training required by regulation V/2, paragraph 6, shall at least ensure attainment of the abilities as follows:

Communication

.1 Ability to communicate with passengers during an emergency, taking into account:

.1.1 the language or languages appropriate to the principal nationalities of passengers carried on the particular route,

.1.2 the likelihood that an ability to use an elementary English vocabulary for basic instructions can provide a means of communicating with a passenger in need of assistance whether or not the passenger and crew member share a common language,

.1.3 the possible need to communicate during an emergency by some other means such as by demonstration, or hand signals, or calling attention to the location of instructions, muster stations, life-saving devices or evacuation routes, when oral communication is impractical,

.1.4 the extent to which complete safety instructions have been provided to passengers in their native language or languages, and

.1.5 the languages in which emergency announcements may be broadcast during an emergency or drill to convey critical guidance to passengers and to facilitate crew members in assisting passengers.

Life-saving appliances

.2 Ability to demonstrate to passengers the use of personal life-saving appliances.

Passenger safety, cargo safety and hull integrity training

4 The passenger safety, cargo safety and hull integrity training required by regulation V/2, paragraph 7, for masters, chief mates, chief engineer officers, second engineer officers and persons assigned immediate responsibility for embarking and disembarking passengers loading, discharging or securing cargo or for closing hull openings, shall at least ensure attainment of the abilities that are appropriate to their duties and responsibilities as follows:

Loading and embarkation procedures

.1 Ability to apply properly the procedures established for the ship regarding :

.1.1 loading and discharging vehicles, rail cars and other cargo transport units, including related communications,

.1.2 lowering and hoisting ramps,

.1.3 setting up and stowing retractable vehicle decks, and

.1.4 embarking and disembarking passengers with special attention to disabled persons and persons needing assistance.

Carriage of dangerous goods

.2 Ability to apply any special safeguards, procedures and requirements regarding the carriage of dangerous goods on board ro-ro passenger ships.

Securing cargoes

.3 Ability to:

.3.1 apply correctly the provisions of the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing to the vehicles, rail cars and other cargo transport units carried; and

.3.2 use properly the cargo securing equipment and materials provided, taking into account their limitations.

Stability, trim and stress calculations

.4 Ability to:

.4.1 make proper use of the stability and stress information provided,

.4.2 calculate stability and trim for different conditions of loading using the stability calculators or computer programmes provided

.4.3 calculate load factors for decks, and

.4.4 calculate the impact of ballast and fuel transfers on stability, trim and stress.

Opening, closing and securing hull openings

.5 Ability to:

.5.1 apply properly the procedures established for the ship regarding the opening, closing and securing of bow, stern and side doors and ramps and to correctly operate the associated systems, and

.5.2 conduct surveys on proper sealing.

Ro-ro deck atmosphere

.6 Ability to:

.6.1 use equipment, where carried, to monitor atmosphere in ro-ro cargo spaces, and

.6.2 apply properly the procedures established for the ship for ventilation of ro-ro cargo spaces during loading and discharging of vehicles, while on voyage and in emergencies.

Crisis management and human behaviour training

5 The crisis management and human behaviour training required by regulation V/2, paragraph 8, for masters, chief mates, chief engineer officers, second engineer officers and any person having responsibility for the safety of passengers in emergency situations shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration based on standards developed by the Organization.

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